Which class of drugs do albuterol and salmeterol belong to?

Albuterol and salmeterol are both classified as β2 agonists, which are a subset of adrenergic agonists that specifically target beta-2 adrenergic receptors. These receptors are predominantly found in the smooth muscle of the bronchial tree. Activation of β2 receptors leads to bronchodilation, making these drugs effective in the treatment of bronchospasm associated with conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Albuterol is a short-acting β2 agonist (SABA), providing quick relief from acute asthma symptoms, while salmeterol is a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA), offering prolonged control of bronchospasm. Their mechanism of action involves the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle through the activation of adenylate cyclase, which increases intracellular cyclic AMP levels. This results in reduced calcium ion concentration within the smooth muscle cells, leading to relaxation and bronchodilation.

Muscarinic antagonists primarily affect muscarinic receptors, leading to bronchial dilation through a different pathway, while corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation rather than directly stimulating β2 receptors. Thrombolytics are agents used to dissolve blood clots and are irrelevant in the context of bronchial smooth muscle relaxation. Thus