What is the primary effect of statins on cholesterol levels?

Statins primarily function by decreasing hepatic cholesterol synthesis. They achieve this by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is a crucial component in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. When HMG-CoA reductase is inhibited, the liver reduces its production of cholesterol. This, in turn, lowers the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the bloodstream, as the liver responds to the decreased intracellular cholesterol by upregulating LDL receptors to clear more cholesterol from the blood.

The decrease in hepatic cholesterol synthesis not only contributes to lower LDL levels but also has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, including the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and a reduction in inflammation. Thus, statins are widely utilized in the management of hyperlipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.