What is the mechanism of action of lidocaine and benzocaine?

Lidocaine and benzocaine are both local anesthetics that exert their effects through the blockade of sodium channels. By inhibiting the influx of sodium ions during depolarization of neurons, these drugs prevent the generation and conduction of action potentials, ultimately resulting in a reversible loss of sensation in the targeted area.

Lidocaine is often used intravenously for systemic analgesia and as an antiarrhythmic, while benzocaine is typically used topically for its anesthetic effects. Their shared mechanism of sodium channel blockade allows them to effectively interrupt the pain pathways by preventing the transmission of nerve impulses.

This action is central to their use in both surgical and non-surgical procedures, providing localized pain relief and making them valuable tools in medical practice.