What is the action of NSAIDs on COX enzymes?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are primarily known for their ability to reduce inflammation, pain, and fever by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are crucial in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. The correct answer states that NSAIDs non-selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes, which means they affect both COX-1 and COX-2.

COX-1 is constitutively expressed in many tissues and is responsible for producing prostaglandins that support physiological functions, such as maintaining gastric mucosal integrity and supporting platelet function. COX-2, on the other hand, is induced during inflammation and is associated with the production of prostaglandins that mediate pain and inflammation.

By non-selectively inhibiting both COX-1 and COX-2, NSAIDs can relieve pain and inflammation effectively; however, this also leads to potential side effects such as gastrointestinal irritation and bleeding due to decreased protective gastric prostaglandins.

In contrast, selectively inhibiting COX-1 or COX-2 does not capture the general mechanism of action for most NSAIDs, as many common NSAIDs, like ibuprofen and naproxen, affect