What is a primary mechanism of action of corticosteroids such as beclomethasone and prednisone?

Corticosteroids such as beclomethasone and prednisone primarily exert their effects through the inhibition of phospholipase A2. By blocking this enzyme, corticosteroids prevent the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, which is a crucial precursor in the biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This action ultimately suppresses inflammation and immune responses, making corticosteroids effective in treating various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.

The inhibition of phospholipase A2 leads to a decrease in the production of these pro-inflammatory substances, resulting in a reduction of swelling, redness, and pain associated with inflammatory processes. This mechanism is fundamental in understanding how corticosteroids help manage conditions like asthma, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.