What additional effect can cholecystokinin have besides stimulating digestion?

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide hormone produced by the cells in the duodenum in response to the presence of fats and proteins. One of its key functions is to stimulate digestion by promoting the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder. In addition to these digestive roles, CCK also plays a critical role in satiety – the feeling of fullness after eating.

CCK influences the central nervous system to reduce feelings of hunger, primarily by acting on the hypothalamus, which regulates appetite. This signaling contributes to the sensation of satiety after meals, helping to control food intake and body weight. This function is critical in the overall regulation of energy balance in the body.

Conversely, CCK does not enhance gastric acid secretion, nor does it increase appetite or stimulate insulin release as primary functions. While it may have minor interactions with insulin regulation, its stronger influence is related to promoting satiety and reducing hunger. Hence, recognizing CCK's role in appetite regulation highlights its importance beyond merely facilitating digestion.