In what type of cancer is trastuzumab particularly effective?

Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein, which is overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers. Its mechanism of action involves binding to the HER2 receptor, inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells that express this protein, and flagging them for destruction by the immune system.

HER2-positive breast cancer is characterized by the overexpression of the HER2 gene, leading to more aggressive tumor growth. Trastuzumab is particularly effective in treating this specific subtype of breast cancer because it both interferes with the signaling pathways that promote cell division and enhances the immune response against the cancer cells.

In contrast to other types of cancer mentioned, such as lung, pancreatic, or prostate cancer, trastuzumab lacks efficacy against tumors that do not exhibit HER2 overexpression. This specificity makes trastuzumab a targeted therapy, distinguishing it as a significant treatment option for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.