How do leukotriene receptor antagonists work?

Leukotriene receptor antagonists work by blocking leukotriene receptors, specifically the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLT1) on various cells, including those in the lungs. This action prevents the binding of leukotrienes, which are inflammatory mediators that can cause bronchoconstriction, mucus production, and airway inflammation — processes often heightened in conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. By inhibiting this action, leukotriene receptor antagonists effectively reduce airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, leading to improved respiratory function and relief from asthma symptoms.

In contrast, enhancing the production of leukotrienes would exacerbate inflammatory responses and worsen conditions like asthma. Inhibiting histamine release pertains to the mechanisms of antihistamines, which target different mediator pathways. Direct promotion of airway dilation is more closely associated with bronchodilators like beta-agonists rather than leukotriene receptor antagonists. Thus, the mechanism of action centers squarely on the blockade of leukotriene receptors, which is fundamental to their therapeutic effect.