How do antipsychotics like risperidone exert their effects?

Antipsychotics, such as risperidone, primarily exert their therapeutic effects by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain. This blockade is particularly relevant in the context of treating symptoms associated with psychosis, such as hallucinations and delusions, which are believed to be linked to hyperactivity of dopaminergic pathways, especially in the mesolimbic area.

Inhibition of D2 receptors helps to reduce dopaminergic transmission, thereby alleviating psychotic symptoms. Additionally, while risperidone also has some affinity for serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT2A subtype, its primary mechanism of action in mitigating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia is through the blockade of D2 receptors.

Understanding the role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders underscores the significance of targeting this neurotransmitter system with antipsychotic drugs for effective management of these conditions.