How do antipsychotics like olanzapine modulate neurotransmission?

Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, primarily modulates neurotransmission by antagonizing serotonin (5-HT2A) and dopamine (D2) receptors. This dual action is critical in its therapeutic efficacy.

By blocking the D2 receptors, olanzapine reduces the hyperactive dopaminergic neurotransmission that is often implicated in psychotic symptoms associated with disorders like schizophrenia. This antagonism helps alleviate positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.

Additionally, the antagonism of 5-HT2A receptors contributes to a balance in serotonin levels, which can help mitigate some side effects commonly associated with traditional antipsychotics that primarily target dopamine receptors. The influence on serotonin receptors may also improve mood symptoms and cognitive function in patients.

Through these mechanisms, olanzapine effectively modulates neurotransmission pathways involved in both positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, showcasing its utility as an atypical antipsychotic.